Diagnosis-Specific Intervention Ideas in Acute and Inpatient Settings

Here are a few diagnosis-specific intervention ideas in acute and inpatient settings:

Neurological Conditions

1. Stroke (CVA)

  • Bed mobility, ADL retraining

  • Hemiplegia management (positioning, one-handed techniques)

  • Visual-perceptual training

  • Cognitive assessment and compensatory strategies

  • UE motor recovery and tone management

2. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

  • Cognitive stimulation and orientation

  • ADLs with cues/adaptations

  • Sensory regulation

  • Splinting for contracture prevention

  • Family education

3. Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

  • Pressure relief education

  • Adaptive techniques for self-care

  • UE strengthening and coordination

  • Bowel/bladder routine training

  • Assistive technology introduction

4. Seizure Disorders

  • Activity tolerance building

  • Safety education

  • Cognitive screening

  • Seizure precautions during ADLs

5. Brain Tumor / Neurosurgery

  • Fatigue management

  • Executive function tasks

  • Equipment needs for ADL independence

  • Visual scanning and balance retraining

Cardiopulmonary Conditions

6. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

  • Energy conservation techniques

  • Pacing strategies during ADLs

  • Education on safe exertion levels (MET levels)

  • Monitoring vitals with activity

7. Myocardial Infarction (MI) / CABG

  • Sternal precautions education

  • Light ADL retraining with monitoring

  • Adaptive techniques to avoid strain

  • Home safety education

8. COPD / Respiratory Failure

  • Pursed-lip breathing with tasks

  • Dyspnea control techniques

  • Education on oxygen use with mobility

  • Simplified self-care routines

Orthopedic Conditions

9. Hip Fracture / Hip Replacement

  • Hip precautions education

  • Bed, toilet, and chair transfers

  • ADL training with adaptive equipment

  • Fall prevention strategies

10. Spinal Surgery (Laminectomy, Fusion)

  • Log rolling and spinal precautions

  • Body mechanics during tasks

  • ADL retraining with equipment

  • Adaptive strategies for dressing and bathing

11. Shoulder Surgery

  • One-handed ADL techniques

  • Donning/doffing sling

  • Passive ROM within protocol

  • Pain management techniques

Medical/Surgical Conditions

12. Sepsis / Multi-organ Failure

  • Tolerance-building activities

  • Delirium prevention (orientation, stimulation)

  • Basic self-care retraining

  • Positioning to prevent skin breakdown

13. Oncology (Chemotherapy, Post-Surgery)

  • Fatigue management

  • Light ADLs and mobility

  • Pain control strategies

  • Psychosocial support

14. Burns

  • Splinting and positioning

  • Edema control

  • Scar management

  • Gentle ADLs

ICU / Critical Care Diagnoses

15. Prolonged Ventilation / Tracheostomy

  • Basic grooming and hygiene

  • Positioning for pulmonary hygiene

  • ROM and early mobility

  • Communication alternatives (AAC boards)

16. Delirium / Encephalopathy

  • Sensory stimulation

  • Orientation activities

  • Family education

  • Sleep-wake regulation support

Chronic or Systemic Conditions

17. End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

  • Energy conservation

  • ADL retraining around dialysis

  • UE strengthening

  • Education on skin integrity

18. Diabetes Complications (e.g., Neuropathy, Amputations)

  • Foot care education

  • Adaptive dressing/bathing

  • Amputation care and desensitization

  • ADL retraining with DME

Geriatric Syndromes

19. Falls / Deconditioning

  • Fall recovery techniques

  • Bed-to-chair transfers

  • Strengthening through function

  • Home setup planning

20. Dementia

  • Routine-based ADLs

  • Environmental cueing

  • Caregiver training

  • Engagement in familiar tasks

Working in acute care as an OT is equal parts challenging and rewarding. You're constantly adapting, thinking on your feet, and learning how to support patients from all walks of life during some of their hardest days.

If you're an OT student, a new grad, or just OT-curious, I hope this gave you a clearer picture of the types of diagnoses we see in acute care and how we help people get back to doing what matters most.

Got questions or want to hear more day-in-the-life stories? Drop a comment or shoot me a message—I'd love to chat!

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Evaluating Stroke in the Acute Care Setting